Changes between Version 1 and Version 2 of TracEnvironment

Timestamp:

Feb 13, 2021 12:24:55 AM (3 years ago)

Author:

trac

Comment:

--

TracEnvironment

@@ -1 @@
-= The Trac Environment =
+= The Trac Environment
 
-Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the “environment”.
+[[TracGuideToc]]
+[[PageOutline(2-5,Contents,pullout)]]
 
-== Creating an Environment ==
+Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the '''environment'''.
 
-A new Trac environment is created using [wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin]:
-{{{
-$ trac-admin /path/to/projectenv initenv
+== Creating an Environment
+
+A new Trac environment is created using [TracAdmin#initenv trac-admin's initenv]:
+{{{#!sh
+$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv
 }}}
 
-[wiki:TracAdmin trac-admin] will ask you for the name of the project, the
-database connection string (explained below), and the type and path to
-your source code repository.
+`trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the database connection string, see below.
 
-''Note: The web server user will require file system write permission to 
-the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set
-the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the Subversion repository 
-Trac is eventually using, although Trac will only require read access as long 
-as you're not using the BDB file system.''
+=== Useful Tips
 
-== Database Connection Strings ==
+ - Place your environment's directory on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac monitors the timestamp of its configuration files and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution may go undetected in Trac < 1.0.2. This is also true for the location of authentication files when using TracStandalone.
 
-Since version 0.9, Trac supports both [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite],
-[http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] and [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] as
-database backends.  The default is to use SQLite, which is probably sufficient
-for most projects. The database file is then stored in the environment
-directory, and can easily be [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the
-rest of the environment.
+ - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository, although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation. 
+ 
+ - `initenv` does not create a version control repository for the specified path. If you wish to specify a default repository using optional the arguments to `initenv` you must create the repository first, otherwise you will see a message when initializing the environment: //Warning: couldn't index the default repository//.
 
-The connection string for an embedded SQLite database is:
+ - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported.
+
+ - TracPlugins located in a [TracIni#inherit-section shared plugins folder] that is defined in an [TracIni#GlobalConfiguration inherited configuration] are currently not loaded during creation, and hence, if they need to create extra tables for example, you'll need to [TracUpgrade#UpgradetheTracEnvironment upgrade the environment].
+
+{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
+**Caveat:** don't confuse the //Trac environment directory// with the //source code repository directory//.
+
+This is a common beginners' mistake.
+It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place.
+}}}
+
+== Database Connection Strings
+
+Trac supports [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] and [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] database backends. The default is SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment.
+
+Note that if the username or password of the connection string (if applicable) contains the `:`, `/` or `@` characters, they need to be URL encoded.
+
+=== SQLite Connection String
+
+The connection string for an SQLite database is:
 {{{
 sqlite:db/trac.db
 }}}
+where `db/trac.db` is the path to the database file within the Trac environment.
 
-If you want to use PostgreSQL or MySQL instead, you'll have to use a
-different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL
-database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the
-user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, use:
+=== PostgreSQL Connection String
+
+If you want to use PostgreSQL instead, you'll have to use a different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with the password `letmein` use:
 {{{
 postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost/trac
 }}}
 
-If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port (for example 9342), use:
+If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port, for example 9342, use:
 {{{
 postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost:9342/trac
 }}}
 
-Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running
-`trac-admin initenv`.
-
-And make sure PostgreSQl DB name is "trac". What worked for me:
-And didn't work uppercase trac-user-name
+On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable:
 {{{
-sudo su - postgres -c createdb trac
-sudo su - postgres -c psql trac
-CREATE USER trac-user-name WITH PASSWORD 'trac-pass-name';
+postgres://user:password@/database
 }}}
 
-(Just to remind you, if you don't have a sudo/su setup, you just need to do the createdb and psql statements. That threw me the first couple of times I read this.)
+or a specific one:
+{{{
+postgres://user:password@/database?host=/path/to/socket/dir
+}}}
 
-== Source Code Repository ==
+Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running `trac-admin initenv`.
 
-You'll first have to provide the ''type'' of your repository (e.g. `svn` for Subversion,
-which is the default), then the ''path'' where the repository is located.
+See the [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ PostgreSQL documentation] for detailed instructions on how to administer [http://postgresql.org PostgreSQL].
+Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser` and a database named `trac`:
+{{{#!sh
+$ createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser
+$ createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac
+}}}
 
-If you don't want to use Trac with a source code repository, simply leave the ''path'' empty
-(the ''type'' information doesn't matter, then).
+When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the user 'tracuser'. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a Trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command. Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors, because of Trac's use of unicode. SQL_ASCII also seems to work.
 
-For some systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository,
-but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information
-related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for
-Trac supports this; for other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
+Under some default configurations (Debian), run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user:
+{{{#!sh
+$ sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser'
+$ sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac'
+}}}
 
-Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository:
+Trac uses the `public` schema by default, but you can specify a different schema in the connection string:
 {{{
+postgres://user:pass@server/database?schema=yourschemaname
+}}}
+
+=== MySQL Connection String
+
+The format of the MySQL connection string is similar to those for PostgreSQL, with the `postgres` scheme being replaced by `mysql`. For example, to connect to a MySQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with password `letmein`:
+{{{
+mysql://johndoe:letmein@localhost:3306/trac
+}}}
+
+== Source Code Repository
+
+Since Trac 0.12, a single environment can be connected to more than one repository. There are many different ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. This page also details the various attributes that can be set for a repository, such as `type`, `url`, `description`.
+
+In Trac 0.12 `trac-admin` no longer asks questions related to repositories. Therefore, by default Trac is not connected to any source code repository, and the ''Browse Source'' toolbar item will not be displayed.
+You can also explicitly disable the `trac.versioncontrol.*` components, which are otherwise still loaded:
+{{{#!ini
+[components]
+trac.versioncontrol.* = disabled
+}}}
+
+For some version control systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository, but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for Trac supports this. For other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
+
+Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository used as the default repository:
+{{{#!ini
 [trac]
 repository_type = svn
@@ -81 +120 @@
 
 The configuration for a scoped Subversion repository would be:
-{{{
+{{{#!ini
 [trac]
 repository_type = svn
@@ -87 +126 @@
 }}}
 
-== Directory Structure ==
+== Directory Structure
 
 An environment directory will usually consist of the following files and directories:
 
  * `README` - Brief description of the environment.
- * `VERSION` - Contains the environment version identifier.
- * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets are stored here.
+ * `VERSION` - Environment version identifier.
+ * `files`
+  * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets.
  * `conf`
-   * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni.
+  * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni.
  * `db`
-   * `trac.db` - The SQLite database (if you're using SQLite).
- * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins] (Python eggs)
- * `templates` - Custom environment-specific templates.
-   * `site_css.cs` - Custom CSS rules.
-   * `site_footer.cs` - Custom page footer.
-   * `site_header.cs` - Custom page header.
- * `wiki-macros` - Environment-specific [wiki:WikiMacros Wiki macros].
-
-  '''Note: don't confuse a Trac environment directory with the source code repository directory.
-It happens that the above structure is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory 
-structure, but they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place.'''
+  * `trac.db` - The SQLite database, if you are using SQLite.
+ * `htdocs` - Directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates using `/chrome/site/...` URLs.
+ * `log` - Default directory for log files, if `file` logging is enabled and a relative path is given.
+ * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins].
+ * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates.
+  * `site.html` - Method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance.
 
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